Feuerbach is a brief biography
Born in Bavaria in the family of a lawyer. He studied at the University of Headelberg at the Faculty of Theological Faculty, but soon leaves for Berlin, where he listens to Hegel's lectures, which had a strong influence on him. After defending the dissertation, it becomes a teacher of the University of Erlangen. In an anonymously published work of “Thoughts of Death and Immortality,” he develops ideas directed against faith in the immortality of the soul.
For this, the essay was fired. After marriage, he settles in the village, where his wife owned a porcelain factory. There he lived without a break for 25 years. After bankruptcy, the factory moves under Nuremberg, experiencing significant material need. Feuerbach calls his philosophy the philosophy of the future, as he considers the real subject of the human mind, which is a product of nature.
He calls one of his works: “The main provisions of the philosophy of the future” he also wrote: “To criticize the philosophy of Hegel”, “The essence of Christianity”, “The preliminary theses for the reform of the philosophy“ Feuerbach’s man considers as “the only, universal and highest subject of philosophy” [Epiphany. Feuerbach believes that philosophy should proceed with sensory data and conclude an alliance with natural science.
Philosophy replaces religion, giving people instead of comfort to understand their real opportunities in achieving happiness. It should be anthropology, that is, the doctrine of a person. Specific sciences that study human activities, especially physiology, show an inextricable connection of thinking with material processes, its inseparability from nature. The new philosophy, by which Feuerbach understands his system of philosophy, turns both man and nature into the only subject of philosophy, consequently turning anthropology, including physiology, into universal science.
Feuerbach denies the dualism of the soul and body, affirming the unity of spiritual and material, subjective and objective, thinking and being. The essence of a person, according to Feuerbach, consists in the variety of his experiences. He considers various forms of social consciousness from the standpoint of their real content. Religion for him is also not devoid of real content, despite the fact that it operates with fantastic images.
Thus, Feuerbach emphasizes mainly the sensual nature of man, the anthropological unity of all people. In his works, Feuerbach acts as an unsurpassed critic of idealism. He shows that idealism is not repulsed from reality, that it is distracted from the real objects of Feuerbach concludes that idealism is a rationalized theology. Being at the beginning of his life a supporter of Hegelian philosophy, Feuerbach appears with her sharp criticism in the future.
His criticism of Hegelian idealism was not total. He recognizes some Hegelian ideas: the struggle of the new with the old, the denial of denial and some other dialectical Feuerbachs are a vivid representative of religious criticism, and he considered this criticism a matter of his whole life. He believed that religion gives rise to both the fear of the spontaneous forces of nature, and the difficulties, suffering that people experience on Earth experience.
In addition, the deity reflects the hopes, ideals of man, therefore the religion is filled with life ideas, since God is what a person wants to be religious worship of the phenomena of nature, as well as the religious cult of man in modern times, according to Feuerbach, show that a person deified what depends on the essence of religion - the essence of religion is the essence of religion - the latter is the latter, and the latter is the same and the latter and the latter differs from the sober and different from the sober Cold reason that it seeks to believe, love.
A person believes in the gods, not only because he has fantasy and feeling, but also because he has the desire to be happy. He believes in a blissful creature, not only because he has an idea of bliss, but also because he himself wants to be blessed; He believes in a perfect creature because he himself wants to be perfect, he believes in an immortal creature because he himself does not want to die "[Ibid.
These provisions reflect the anthropological explanation of religion, which Feuerbach more specifically applies to individual Christian dogmas. So, he explains the Trinity through the existence of family life, divine crafts - through a mystical representation of his difference and his difference from nature. The image of the Feuerbach is the alienation of the human essence of a person.
And patient. Feuerbach concludes that a true religion is a religion without God. The religious sense is inherent in the individual psychology of man, it is irresistible.Moreover, Feuerbach believes that a person’s love for a person, especially sexual love, is a religious feeling. For Feuerbach, nature is the highest reality, and man is an overeating product of nature. In the person of man, nature feels, contemplates itself.
There is nothing higher than nature, there is nothing lower than nature. Nature is endless, as is eternal, space and time - the main conditions of all being and essence, all thinking and activity, all prosperity and success. In reality, there is nothing otherworldly, since the phenomena of nature have no double existence, Feuerbach writes: “Nature has no beginning or end.
Everything is in charity, everything is relatively, everything is at the same time the action and cause, everything is comprehensively and mutually” [S. Feuerbach recognizes the relativity of contrasting being and thinking. Man - both the object and the subject. He avoided the word "materialism", opposing the information of thinking to being, as well as against the information of all forms of movement of matter to the mechanical one.
He perceives organic matter as the highest form of matter, sometimes calling his teaching by organicism [organism]. The ethical teaching of Feuerbach, occupying a significant place in the philosophy of Feuerbach, has the character of eudmonism and proceeds from the unity and relationship of me and you. He highlights the anthropological understanding of a person.
The main thing for him is Mezhin -dimensional communication. The desire to happiness is considered by him as the driving power of human will, it gives rise to the need for the consciousness of moral duty, since I cannot exist and be happy without you. This desire is not a selfish feeling, since it is impossible without unity with another. Feuerbach’s anthropologism manifested itself in his socio-political views.
He wrote: “In the palace they think differently than in a hut, the low ceiling of which is, as it were, presses on the brain. In the free air we are other people than in the room, squeezes cramped, expansion expansion and head” [T. The philosophy of Feuerbach had a great influence on the formation of the worldview of Marx and Engels. Engels wrote: "We have an unpaid duty of honor: the complete recognition of the influence that in our period of the storm and the onslaught had Feuerbach to us to a greater extent than some other philosopher after Hegel [Op.