Biography of scientists Informatics

Download special issue 3 pdf Bibliographic description: Yevtushenko, E. Yevtushenko, E. The article reveals the most significant facts of the biographies of some of them, which determined the fate of not only computer science, but also the development of all of humanity. The importance of information in modern society is difficult to overestimate. Especially when the vector of movement of the economies of the world community is directed towards the transition to the post -industrial stage.

This is relevant if a person becomes the fundamental principle of the functioning of business systems, and as the main goal in terms of satisfying needs, and as an instrument for achieving this goal as a carrier of a certain set of professional, psychophysiological and other skills and competencies [1]. Speaking about computer science and information technology today, first of all, it should be noted the variety of those capabilities and directions that appeared before the scientific world after the totality of the discoveries that were made earlier.

Without the existence of the latter, it is difficult to imagine modern society. The carriers of new ideas, which have become revolutionary in the field of computer science and information technology were scientists whose names are forever inscribed in the world scientific history. The key figure at the early stage of the development of information technology is the British mathematician and inventor, the author of works on the theory of functions, the mechanization of account in the economy; A foreign corresponding member of the St.

Petersburg Academy of Sciences, Charles Babbage on December 26-October 18, G. was developed in it “built” four arithmetic functions, and it could carry out direct operations of multiplication and division. The analytical machine also performed a number of actions that in modern terminology are named “conditional transition”, “cycle”, “microgramming”, “parallel processing”, “latch”, “survey”, although Babbidge never used these terms.

It expected different output devices, including printing, a perforator, a plotter and automatic receipt of stereotypes for the manufacture of printed forms. However, this machine was not finished, since the low level of technology of that time was the main obstacle to its creation. Charles Babbija is often called the “father of the computer” for the analytical machine he invented, although its prototype was created many years after his death [2].

Thus, the creation of an analytical machine has proved to science and the scientific community the possibility of creating complex mechanisms that perform computational operations faster, and sometimes, more precisely, a person. The result of the merger of the achievements of technology, human knowledge and the generation of a new idea predetermined the creation and development of a new era, focused on creating a new one and the processing of existing information, focusing on information as a service.

An increase in performance in all eras required mental efforts from humanity to create new means, objects and tools. The latter, being the last step of the creation of one scientist, became only the starting point of departure of another. Continuity, improvement and modernization - as a small step, and new technology, new tools - as a breakthrough into unknown today, but everyday tomorrow.

But not a single breakthrough can be carried out without these “little steps”. One of them was made in the year - on December 9, the American inventor Douglas Engelbart from the Stanford Research Institute presented the world's first computer mouse. The fact that today has a significant assortment is intended for convenience when reaching different results: game, wireless, programmable, highly sensitive and so on - at that time it was a wooden cube on wheels with one button.

The further evolution of the computer mouse and the increase in its ergonomicity is the creative process of various generations of scientists, but the ideas laid down in its creation initiated the development of further forms of manual manipulators of our time. To switch to a qualitatively new level of development in most cases, it is necessary to first achieve a maximum, or other limit of mastering the current technology.

On the threshold of this transition, people with systemic thinking appear and create breakthrough technologies. Often, like most objects surrounding us, such innovations are “dual -purpose products”, and sometimes many old things get a “new life”. The opportunity to look at the situation is somewhat wider, to use well-known knowledge on a global scale allowed the British scientist Timothy John Berners-li together with Belgian Robert Kaio to go down in history as the ancestor of the World Internet.

In the year, working as a software engineer in a large laboratory of physics of elementary particles, near Geneva. The idea of ​​the invention of World Wide Web was prompted by the fact that many scientists who took part in conducting experiments in the CERN, after returning to their laboratories located around the world, could not exchange the data and results of their research.Berners-Lee decided to use the unrealized potential of millions of computers, having connected them with each other through the Internet [3].

Based on what Wanivar Bush developed in the year, as well as on later works by Ted Nelson and the arc Engelbarton, Tim Berners-Ling proposed a protocol for the transmission of the HTTP hypertext and the language, which computers will use to communicate with hypertext documents via the Internet. He also developed a scheme for searching for documents by assigning to each document a universal resource identifier, or URI, in fact, his unique address, which is now called the URL Uniform Resource Locator [3].

It is difficult to imagine modern society without Internet, the question of how to transmit information on a global scale today is replaced by the question “at what speed? Of course, the idea aimed at the possibility of any user from any point on the planet of access to the scientific libraries of the world ultimately lost commercialization, the scientificity of the network lost, at least in its scale, the field of entertainment and social communication, contribution to the development of modern science, especially in the speed of new discoveries, the “World Wide Web” made significant.

Information technologies in the process of their development create many controversial issues. The latter are reflected, for example, in fantastic films that raise questions about the implementation of unified management systems of all devices in the world, and the emergence of new threats to humanity in this connection. It is more difficult to manage large streams of information to modern society, and, as a result, this is trusted with computing technology, implementing more deeply and deeper into the process of managing some machines by others, without human intervention.

The latter is more time for rest and entertainment. On the other hand-thanks to modern technologies today, on the monitor screen, everyone can travel on the planet Googleearth [4], choose and purchase clothes, shoes, household electronics, having examined the product in an Internet store based on a three-dimensional interactive model of 3D stores [5], to study the books of many scientific libraries, to communicate with residents from different countries, being located.

At a distance from them, hundreds of thousands of kilometers are social networks. The name of one scientist today has become a house and personifies one of the standards of the fight against computer viruses. Up to a year, the scientist worked at the multidisciplinary research Institute of the USSR Ministry of Defense. He began to study the phenomenon of computer viruses in October of the year, when the Cascade virus was found on his computer.

In the year, Evgeny Kaspersky became one of the founders of the Kaspersky Laboratory. To date, Evgeny Kaspersky is one of the leading world specialists in the field of protection against viruses.

He is the author of a large number of articles and reviews on the problem of computer virology, regularly acts at specialized seminars and conferences in Russia and abroad. Evgeny Valentinovich Kaspersky is a member of the organization of CARO computer viruses, which unites experts in this area [6.7]. The development and opening of personal computers protection tools, namely, antivirus programs, was directly an important impetus for the development of software technologies.

Currently, antivirus programs are an indispensable and necessary component of the component of each personal computer. So they provide protection, allow you to detect and remove computer viruses. The computer is sewn with antivirus programs provides the user with the good operation of the computer, since viruses influence the computer’s operation, slow down the operating system, change the modifications of files, change the structure, in the broad sense they are introduced into the “brain” of the computer, thereby harm to users of personal computers [7].

Literature: Economic research: Analysis of the state and development prospects. Yakovlev, A. Innovative capabilities of 3D technologies in promoting products of online stores. Yakovlev, E. Kovalev A.