Biography Guangsu

Try the literature selection service. You can always turn off the advertisement. Conservation China Was Going Through Turbulent Times. As a Result of the Wars with the Imperialists, The Country Ended Up in A State of Semicolony. China Had Two Alternatives: To Continue The Tradeful Path of Their AnceStors, Or to Change, Taking Knowledge and Technology from the "Western Barbarians".

Understanding the Danger of the Current Situation, The Young and Resolute, Liberalminded Emperor Guangxu Took The Path of Reforms. The Article Analyzes The External and Internal Political Sitation in China At the Turn of the 19thth Centures and The Factors That Prompted the Emperor in Reform the Country. The Reaction of ConservATIVEMINDED OFICIALS, Headed by Empress Cixi, IS Shown. The Authors Consider The Consequences of the Implementation and Failure of Reforms.

They Have Used Materials of Russia, British and Chinese Researchers, As Well as Periodical Press of that Time. Rukhlin, O. Rukhina Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after Ulyanova Russia,, Ulyanovsk, pl. Lenin, 4 The article examines the little -studied question about the contradictory rule of Emperor Guangsyuya. Traditional China was experiencing troubled times. As a result of wars with the imperialists, the country was in a state of half -colonies.

China had two alternatives remained: to continue the traditional path of ancestors or to change, taking knowledge and technology from the “Western barbarians”. Understanding the danger of this situation, the young and decisive, liberal -minded Emperor Guangsyu followed the path of reform. The reaction of conservative officials, led by Empress Tsysi, is shown. The consequences of the implementation and failure of reforms are considered.

The materials of Russian, British and Chinese researchers were used, as well as the periodic print of this time. Rukhlin, O. Lenina, 4 The Article Explores The Little-Studied Issue of the Controversial Reign of Emperor Guangxu. As a Result of the Wars with the Imperialists, The Country Ended Up in A State of Semi-Colony. Understanding the Danger of the Current Situation, The Young and Resolute, Liberal-Minded Emperor Guangxu Took The Path of Reforms.

The Reaction of Conservation-Minded Officials, Headed by Empress Cixi, Is Shown. The Chinese Empire was in the systemic crisis, including due to enslaving by foreign companies. In this difficult period for the country, the young Emperor Zyatyan, who ruled under the slogan “Guangsu”, the glorious continuity tried to conduct progressive transformations, the so -called “one hundred days of reform”, which was supposed to strengthen China and free it from foreign control, making it politically sovereign and economically prosperous.

In historical science, the reign of Emperor Guangia and the “hundred days of reforms” conducted by him are shown very contradictory. Researchers continue to argue about the place and role of the penultimate emperor in the history of China. Many contemporaries considered Guangui as a tragic hero - a supporter of reforms [1, p. After the Sinhai Revolution, the republican government honored the emperor’s memory and built him a mausoleum.

In the eyes of the followers of Gomindan Sun Yatsen, Chan Kayshi, he was a man who tried to change the course of things. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the historian Feng Venlan called the emperor "of the Manchu nobleman who could agree with Western ideas." Some modern historians think that the emperor is the first Chinese leader, who “had the best intentions” and tried to pursue a policy of modernization and capitalism [2, p.

According to the reformers-disputes of the emperor Kang Juvay and Liana Tsichao, Guangsu was a reformer who seriously served his people. Another diametrically opposite view of the emperor is that the “limp and weak -shaped” Guangyu, regardless of anyone, recklessly and rashly insisted on the idea of ​​reforms [3, p. In modern China, the “emperor-revolutionary” did not find a worthy place in the pantheon of historical rulers-heroes.

In scientific literature, he is mentioned only as an unsuccessful sovereign who tried to get out of the influence of Tsysi. The latest authors also pay little attention to the “revolutionary on the throne” []. These events of the tragic period in the history of China were studied by domestic and foreign scientists O. Nepomnin, V. Datshen, Yong Zhang, C. Fitzgerald and others.

The reliability of the study is due to the use of scientific literature and periodicals published at that time. On the example of China, the importance of carrying out timely reforms for the further development of the country is shown. The rulers of Qing, having made centuries -old traditions and rejection of reforms with a cornerstone, led to the collapse of the empire.

Not all Asian countries managed not to fall under the power of the imperialists. In East Asia was the most powerful state - the Chinese empire. Two hundred years there are the warlike manchuzer Qing Dynasty, which made everyone reckon with its power in the entire eastern region.The Great Qing Empire, controlled by the Manchu dynasty, is the last empire that included all of China.

The Empire of Qing existed on the actually Chinese lands with the G. Imperial power looked at the world from the standpoint of cultural superiority. By the middle of the XIX century. The second half of the XIX century.

A serious internal obstacle in the country was widespread corruption, and the rebels challenged the Qing government, while the ruling elite did not want to change their views in the face of progress and changes that took place in the rest of the world. Imperialist aggression turned the Celestial Empire into a semi -colony or, according to Sun Yatsen, into a “collective colony”.

Sun Yatsen is a Chinese revolutionary, founder of the Gomintan party, one of the founders and the first president of the Republic of China from January 1 to April 1 to the city of Chinese became hostages of the traditional semi-feudal political and socio-economic systems. In this regard, in this regard, the statement of American Chinese A. Feirever that China has never been “so traditional” in political, social and cultural relations, as during the rule of the foreign Manchu Right of Qing dynasty [9, p.

The absorption of China by Western countries began in the first half of the XIX century. After the victory, the European powers concluded unequal agreements with the Chinese emperor Myaninin, introducing free trade, extraterritoriality and free ports, which were under foreign control. Aisingeuro Myannin is the eighth Manchu emperor of the Qing dynasty, ruled under the motto of the "Toguan" purposeful and brilliant.

The emperor went to significant concessions to foreigners. The invasion of foreign capital exacerbated the crisis of the Qing Empire. In this connection, the words, pronounced by the publicist Ku Hunmin, immediately after the French defeated the Chinese fleet in Fujou, the province of Fujian: “I had to make sure that the strict Confucian principles themselves are powerless against such things as the disgusting naval monsters of Admiral Courbet with their terrible guns” [9, p.

The degradation of the domestic economy began, leading to social shocks. A real disaster was the peasant war, or the uprising of the Taipins, led by Hong Sutsyuan against Qing power and foreign colonialists, which cost about 20 million people. In this difficult situation, part of the highest Chinese dignitaries, led by Zhang Zhidun, achieved the adoption of a reformation course for “self -native” under the slogan “study Chinese as the main one, and study the Western as an applied” [9, p.

The goal of the imperial government was to preserve the traditional Chinese orders. The reign of Emperor Guangyuya, after an unsuccessful attempt to stabilize and modernize China during the reign of Emperor Tsaiyun “Tunchi”, during the most acute confrontation with foreign colonialists, on the Chinese throne in the city during his reign, the power was actually in the hands of his reactionary aunt and the reception of Ma-Teri- the Dowager Empress Tsysi, whose departure from power was only visibility.

As notes, the Australian researcher of China Fitzgerald, “Tsysi was ignorant, but possessing exceptionally strong will and an imperious woman. She pursued a reactionary policy, unlike her Japanese colleague, who carried out accelerated modernization, which put Japan in economically and militarily, a member of Western countries ”[2, p. During its actual rule, the Chinese empire disintegrated, after the war with France and Japan, control of Vietnam, Taiwan, Korea and Manchuria were lost.

Britain claimed to manage the Yangtze Valley and the Kanton district. France wanted to get southwest China, bordering Vietnam. Russia made claims to the northeast Port Arthur and Dalyan [10, p. Germany - to the province of Shandun. The sphere of influence of Japan becomes the provinces of the lower reaches of the Yangtzi mainly Fujian. To G. But, as Jiang Zhongzhen Chan Kai-shi notes, only the United States opposed the full section of China, defending the “Open Doors” policy, which helped the Celestial Empire preserve its integrity and independence at least nominally [11, p.

So the United States tried to undermine the positions of its European competitors and justify themselves in China. The atmosphere of the disaster on the eve of the reforms of G. Morses: “In world history, not a single country with such extensive territory and such a large population as China - not a single country with the smallest share of its territory or population has never been subjected to such a series of humiliations and has not experienced such many examples of falling, like China from November to May, the need for reforms looked obvious All progressive and cultural Chinese society.

Otherwise, the empire could not exist for a long time. The forbidden city received one petition after another. Even Emperor Guangsu shook his usual humility to fate and felt the “acute need” to do something.The backwardness of the country was demonstrated in the Japanese-Chinese war of the GG. The defeat in the war with the Japanese showed the complete inability of the Qing rulers to organize the protection of the country.

This war revealed all the problems of traditional and conservative China with its sales officials and incapable aristocrats. This strengthened the “rebellious” mood of the Emperor Guan-Syuya, with the name of which is associated with the movement for reforms or the so-called period “One hundred days of reform”. Attempts of G.'s reforms, supporters of the reform movement were afraid of revolutionary explosions, because everyone was reduced to moderate reforms.

And, nevertheless, every speech against absolutism, against the centuries of the foundations and traditions, was considered by supporters of TSIS as unheard of rebellion and a threat to summer Manchu authorities.