Biography Glinkin

They lived on income from horse and brick factories. Father, Ivan Glinka, was a retired captain. He married his second cousin, Evgenia Glinka Land. The marriage was in love: despite the objections of the guardian of the bride, the couple secretly married in the church. Immediately after the birth of Mikhail Glinka, the grandmother took to educate: a year earlier the firstborn Alexey died, and she blamed her parents' grandson.

Despite this, I did not leave the fur coat; At night, and often in the afternoon they watered me with cream with a lot of sugar. ” Grandmother dabbled her grandson: Glinka practically did not go out into the street, loved to draw with chalk on the floor and beat in copper basins, imitating the bell ringing. The future composer was followed by the nanny Avdotya Ivanovna. She often sang Russian folk songs and told fairy tales and epics.

In the year, grandmother died, and the six -year -old Mikhail Glinka was taken by her parents. Mother began to engage in the education of her son: she hired a French woman who taught to read and write, and asked a familiar architect to work out with him with drawing. Glinka became interested in geography and travel books. Glinka returned to their house a year later. In place of the old dilapidated house, the father decided to build a new - two -story, with a portico and columns.

Then the piano was put in the living room. Glinka's father loved noisy holidays. Many guests came to his name day at the house, and the holiday itself lasted several days. Musicians for a home ball were asked by his mother’s brother, Athanasius Glinka - he had his own orchestra from serfs. One evening, Mikhail Glinka heard in the living room a concert of composer Bernhard Cruselly with a clarinet, and decided to learn how to play instruments.

In the year, she invited a governess from St. Petersburg for her son, Varvara Klammer, who taught him a musical literacy and playing the piano. Then, for Glinka, another teacher was appointed - a serf musician from the orchestra of his uncle, who taught him to play the violin. The boarding house was famous for a good education: five languages ​​taught pupils - Latin, German, French, English, Persian - arithmetic and geometry, geography and zoology.

Algebra was easily given to Mikhail Glinka: he soon became a tutor and helped his friends with tasks. Dancing and fencing were the worst of all. Glinka recalled: “Our teachers were Severs and Gauman; The first often said: “Hey Glinka, I’ll steal! And really pricked me. " Mikhail Glinka combined classes with private music lessons. At first, his teacher was the Irish composer John Field, then the pianist Charles Mayer.

Glinka taught the theory of music and solfeggio, and on weekends went to concerts or to the opera. In the year, Mikhail Glinka released from the boarding house. However, the mountain climate did not benefit: Glinka fell ill and decided to return to his native village. He spent all his time there after the piano. Thus, I noticed a way of instrumenting most of the best composers for the orchestra.

” Glinka returned to Petersburg only in the year. He got a job as an assistant secretary in the Main Directorate of Railways. The service took from the composer five to six hours a day, the rest of the time he played or spent in secular evenings. He recalled: “At the end of this year, I sometimes met with some of the previous comrades; One of them reproached me for leaving serious classes to lose precious time in the vanity, as he said, in fun.

I remember that he answered him in the sense that I will have time for myself and after, and now I consider it decent to understand my inclinations and age. ” At the same time, Mikhail Glinka first tried to compose music - he was often asked to accompany in the evenings. The composer wrote the first romance to the words of Konstantin Bakhturin, the son of the head of the department where Glinka worked.

The notes have not been preserved. However, he left the place before the rebellion. The composer wrote: “We stayed on the square for several hours, then I, forced to hunger because I did not have breakfast, went to Bakhturin. Maybe this, apparently unimportant, the circumstance saved me from death and injuries; Soon there were cannon shots directed against the rebels.

" The next night, the Glinka was interrogated: the gendarmes were looking for his former tutor of Kuchelbeker - the poet fled after the dispersal of the uprising. For one of the nieces, a “pretty girl”, he wrote variations to the fashionable romance “May the mother will be blessed.” The play was later finalized by the teacher Glinka Charles Meyer, he also gave it to the seal - the romance became the first published work of the composer.

At this time, the musician composed almost every day. He wrote romances, serenades, small plays for piano, quarters for strings and himself performed his own works at secular evenings. In the year, historian Nikolai Pavlishchev included Glinka's works in the “lyric album” - a musical collection of modern composers. At the end of the year, Glinka has worsened health. He left the service and moved home to Novospasskoye.

The pain intensified, and the doctor advised Mikhail Glinka to go abroad and stay there in a warm climate for three years.Mikhail Glinka settled in Milan. In the “Notes” he wrote: “I came to life when the wonderful Italian spring appeared, the imagination stirred and I began to work.” The composer wrote musical plays on which he was inspired by the famous Italian operas.

Notes to two works that he created based on the opera Anna Boleyn, Gaetano Donitnitti, were published in French music magazines. In Italy, the composer did not miss the prime minister: the theater was his favorite entertainment.

However, already in the year Glinka in a letter home admitted: “I sincerely could not be an Italian. Longing for the Fatherland brought me to the idea of ​​writing in Russian. ” In July, Mikhail Glinka decided to leave for Berlin. In April, the composer returned to Russia. Mikhail Glinka arrived in Petersburg and settled in the house of his friend Alexei Stuneev. A guest of the family was Maria Ivanova, a relative of Stuneva.

They spent a lot of time together and soon fell in love with each other. In Glinka and Ivanov, they got married. At one of the evenings, Mikhail Glinka voiced the idea of ​​writing a national Russian opera. Zhukovsky immediately proposed the plot-the history of the peasant Ivan Susanin, who led the Polish-Lithuanian detachment into the forest and thereby saved the king from death.

The poet was so liked by Glinka’s idea that he himself wanted to write words and soon composed "Ah, not to me, poor poor wind." However, the affairs of the service did not allow him to complete what he had begun - Zhukovsky asked his friend, Baron Yegor Rosen to help the composer with the libretto for the opera. Finally, many topics and even details of the development, all this flashed in my head ”Mikhail Glinka, the composer composed quickly: in the spring of the year, drafts not only of the first and second action were ready, but also most of all topics.

Baron Rosen wrote poems to music, given its pace and size. Glinka recalled: “Baron Rosen was well done; You will order so many verses of such and such a size, 2, 3 complex and even unprecedented-he doesn’t care; You will come every other day - it's already ready. ” The composer finished the opera already in the village of Novospassky - Glinka moved there with his wife after the wedding.

In “Notes” he wrote: “Susanin wrote the scene in the forest with the Poles in the winter; All this scene, before I started writing, I often read with a feeling aloud, and so vividly transferred to the position of my hero that my hair became on end and frost sneaked on the skin. ” At the beginning of the year, the opera was completed. Rehearsals soon began - they wanted to open the new season of the St.

Petersburg Bolshoi Theater by the performance. Rumors about the first national opera quickly spread throughout the capital: open rehearsals took place in full halls. Nicholas I came to one of the pre -premiere shows. Mikhail Glinka decided to devote the operator to the opera, and called her "Life for the Tsar." The audience accepted my opera with extraordinary enthusiasm, the actors lost their temper ...

The emperor sovereign deigned to call me into his box, took my hands, thanked me and talked with me for a long time. The heir, the Empress and Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna also honored me with flattering reviews of my music ”Mikhail Glinka, the letter to my mother dated December 10, Nicholas I liked the opera that he handed Mikhail Glinka a gift: a ring with a topase surrounded by three rows of diamonds.

And the composer’s friends: Alexander Pushkin, Peter Vyazemsky, Vasily Zhukovsky and Mikhail Vielgorsky, decided to congratulate the composer with the comic song “Four Voices”. Everyone composed by quatrains.