Gilyarovsky detailed biography

Born on November 26, December 8 according to other descendant of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks. They moved to Gilyarovskikh to the provincial city of Vologda, where Vladimir entered the gymnasium. The mother died when Gilyarovsky was 8 years old, and this determined the early independence and the habit of work. Father was friendly with exiled revolutionaries-populists.

Without graduating from gymnasium, Gilyarovsky for 10 years "went to the people." During this time, he was a burglak on the Volga, a hook, a firefighter, a worker at a factory, a bypass of wild horses, a circus, an actor. When the Russo-Turkish war began-Gilyarovsky voluntarily became a soldier. He arrived in Moscow, stopped in the room of the Golyashkin hotel on the corner of Tverskaya Street and Gazetny Lane.

He met the actor V. Andreev-Burlak, who lived at the first private Moscow Drama Theater A. Brenko, and served a year in this theater. Here were F. Dostoevsky, A. Pleshcheev, Y. Polonsky, I. Turgenev, A. Having parted with the theater, Gilyarovsky moved to the furnished rooms "England" in the house of Shablykin on Tverskaya.

The beginning of his friendship with A. Chekhov and I. began to be printed during his wandering, but he became a professional writer by settling in Moscow. For about a year he wrote articles for various periodicals, he collaborated as a journalist in the Moscow Leaflet newspaper, and B - in Russian Vedomosti. The Russian Thought, “Petersburg Left”, “New Time”, in “Ant”, “Osse”, “Russian Word” and other publications were published in the newspapers.

In the year, he was listed as a full -time employee in the Russian newspaper. Gilyarovsky became one of the best reporters of the metropolitan press, his “skate” was a criminal chronicle and reports, he wrote about the most noticeable and sensational events, he was called the “king of reporters”. The top of his reporting activity was an essay on the Khodynsky disaster Gilyarovsky was the most famous and recognized expert in Moscow.

This was manifested at all levels: the writer brilliantly knew the history of the city and its modernity, architecture and geography, high light and the Moscow “bottom” - a cunning, a shelter of beggars, tramps and renegads. The imagination of contemporaries was struck by the description of the Gilyarovski Khitansky dens. Gilyarovsky was one of the first to discover the Moscow "bottom".

Gilyarovsky was a living legend. The most incredible stories and incidents were associated with his name. For example, the story of how he sent a letter to Australia at a fictional address is known. The letter returned to Gilyarovsky, and he demonstrated it to his friends, amazed at the abundance of stamps and the almost fairytale path that the letter made.

There were legends about the physical strength of “Uncle Gilyai”: he could bend a copper nickel to bend with his fingers, tie the poker with a knot. Contemporaries, noting the versatile talents of Gilyarovsky, considered the talent of communication by one of his most noticeable talents. His friends were many famous contemporaries: Chekhov, Bunin, Kuprin, Chaliapin and many other writers, artists, actors.

In, working on the article “In Gogolevshchina” and the essay “In the Gogol’s homeland”, Gilyarovsky was able to clarify the place and date of birth of the great writer. Gilyarovsky’s first stories were “Man and Dog” and “Doomed” in the advice of the city of Uspensky and Chekhov’s insistence gathered and printed the first stories under the name “Tall People”.

Gilyarovsky quickly became an unusually popular person. There were no streets in Moscow, a lane, at home where the "Uncle Gilyai" would not know. The main theme of the collection was the transformation of people into the inhabitants of the "bottom". Censorship banned the book, its circulation was destroyed. But the stories from it included in the later collections of the writer “Negativa” and “were” the first poetic collection of Gilyarovsky “Forgotten Notebook” was published.

And in subsequent years, throughout his life, Gilyarovsky did not leave poetry. The most famous poem "Stenka Razin" is the department. During the First World War, three poetic collections were published on a patriotic theme that were not successful. The same fate befell the poem "Petersburg", which traces the influence of the "twelve" of the bloc. Chekhov once jokingly said to Vladimir Alekseevich Gilyarovsky: “You are a courier train.

Stop - five minutes. This was not a pure metaphor, because courier trains really laid out a noticeable imprint on the lifestyle of the famous Moscow reporter and writer. Today, tomorrow, Gilyarovsky himself wrote about himself like this: “The reporter of those days did not have strong affection, the famous Chekhov“ Railway ”story“ The attacker ”could not be written largely thanks to Gilyarovsky.

Chekhov came to Gilyarovsky at the cottage in Kraskovo. On the shore of the pond, they saw a fisherman who smeared her fumilled leg. He examined the man’s leg’s leg's name was Nikita and prescribed him an ointment. Obviously, then Chekhov noticed strange sinkers on Nikita's networks. Gilyarovsky explained that these are nuts that the fisherman unscrews from railway rails.The indirect confirmation that the theme of the “attacker” was prompted by Chekhov to Gilyarovsky, is the story of Gilyarovsky himself “Home -Roaded Tref” gendarme Fedot Zyuzya, serving on an abandoned half -land, read in the newspaper about the famous police dog Tref, with the help of which they found the killer.

Zyuzya sadly looks at his dog Volchka, who, according to the wife of the gendarme Stepanida, “only eats Darma” and runs to the neighboring village to the dog Bugka. But once an audit from St. Petersburg comes to the half -steam. No one is afraid of her, because “in this dead corner without passengers and cargo” there was nothing to steal, but one official suddenly asks: “Are the old sleepers there?

They, as the Zyuzya knew them, dragged a peasant Vanka stupid from a neighboring village, the owner of a bug dog, dragged them to his omshanik. Then Zyuz thinks to repeat the feat of the nearby, owner of the famous club. He claims that his dog can find the spitting of the sleepers, and lets the top “following the trail”. He leads the gendarmes and auditors to Sarayu Vanka stupid, where the bugs lived behind the sleepers leaned against the wall, Gilyarovsky and as a journalist did not go through his attention.

In the year there was a railway disaster at the Kukui station. A special commission to identify the causes of the accident worked in conditions of strict secrecy, since even without investigation, the miscalculations of the travel administration were obvious. Entertainers were not allowed. Gilyarovsky hid in the restroom of the car, and then quietly joined the commission, the members of which did not know each other well.

Fourteen days he sent revealing correspondence to the Moscow Leaf. In the year, Gilyarovsky published in the newspaper "Russia" an essay "Iron Gryshka", which has an unconditional historical value. He is not about the railway, but about a foreign capital operating the natural wealth of Russia, but was written from the point of view of a passenger of a train traveling in the south of Little Russia.

Kharkov - Yekaterinoslav: “Four Frenchmen, dangling all the way, occupy a compartment next to me. The compartment on the other side is busy with two British, who always smoke cigars silently and read the guide. ” Yekaterinoslav - Curve Rog: “The third grade is a bit: there are many workers - mainly, Oryol - to dig ore in Krivoy Rog. The second class is also a bit. The French of the 2nd parsing and Mcler are traveling.

In the first grade, it is cramped: the French of the 1st parsing in the third grade are rainbow hopes to earn eight hryvnias per day. In the second, some kind of swarm of bees in the first grade is buzzing-everyone is silent. " Gilyarovsky describes not only passengers, but also what he sees from the train window: “And Nizhne-Dneprovsk, a few years ago a wasteland, is now a huge station surrounded by all kinds of plants.

Here, the plants are car -building, pipeline, mechanical and others. Huge buildings, electricity. And all to one factory, all this enormous and precious city, which has grown, as in a fairy tale, all belongs to foreigners, and everything was created only by them. ” Of course, and all income went west: "Russian money abroad is irresistibly floating from here." The operation of the natural subsoil of Russia was carried out almost uncontrollably: “The Mountain Administration of Southern Russia is in Yekaterinoslav and is divided into 5 districts, which include 9 provinces.

In Krivoy Rog, there is not a single permanent representative of mining supervision, but this is not available, but it depends on what point of view. If from the point of view of the essay of Gilyarovsky, then it will be just a more sophisticated form of leakage of the capital of the “iron fever” that it is necessary to expert their bowels to themselves. The sketch of the Gilyarovsky “worker”, which is not printed during the life of the writer, is devoted directly to the problems of the railway.