Biography B Nabokov

Vladimir Nabokov - biography, news, personal life age: From the birthday of death: 78 years Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov was also published under the pseudonym Sirin. Born 10 April 22, St. Petersburg - died on July 2, Montreo. Russian and American writer, poet, translator, literary critic and entomologist. Vladimir Nabokov was born on April 10 22 in St. Petersburg in a wealthy noble family.

Father - Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov, a lawyer, a well -known politician, one of the leaders of the Constitutional Democratic Party of the Cadet Party, from the Russian Starodvoryan family of Nabokovs. Mother - Elena Ivanovna nee Rukavishnikova; , the daughter of the richest gold miner, came from a small noble family. In addition to Vladimir, the family had two more brothers and two sisters.

Grandfather along the mother of Mother Ivan Vasilievich Rukavishnikov, gold miner, philanthropist, grandmother along the mother’s line Olga Nikolaevna Rukavishnikova, ur. Kozlova, daughter of the real secret adviser Nikolai Illarionovich Kozlov, a native of a merchant family who became a doctor, biologist, professor and head of the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy and the head of the Russian Army.

In the everyday life of Nabokov’s family, three languages ​​were used: Russian, English and French - thus, the future writer mastered three languages ​​from early childhood. In his own words, he learned to read English before in Russian. The first years of Nabokov’s life took place in comfort and abundance in the Nabokov’s house in Bolshaya Morskaya in St. Petersburg and in their suburban estate under Gatchina.

Education began at the Tenishevsky School in St. Petersburg, where Osip Mandelstam studied shortly before. Literature and entomology become two main hobbies of Nabokov. In the fall, a year before the October Revolution, Vladimir Nabokov received the Christmas estate and a million inheritance from Vasily Ivanovich Rukavishnikov, uncle from his mother. In the year, Nabokov, still being a student of the Tenishevsky school, published in his own money in St.

Petersburg under his name the first poetic collection “Poems” 68 poems written from August to May during this period, he looks like a cheerful young man who impress his “charm” and “extraordinary sensitivity” of Z. Nabokov himself from the collection subsequently never reprinted. The October Revolution forced the Nabokov to move to Crimea, where the first literary success came to Vladimir - his work was printed in the Yalta Voice newspaper and used by theatrical troupes, which were saved on the southern coast of Crimea from the dangers of revolutionary time.

In January of the year, a collection was published in Petrograd - Andrei Balashov, V. Nabokov, “Two Paths”, which included 12 poems by Nabokov and 8 poems by his classmate A. Mentioning this book, Nabokov never called by the name of his coasts he always afraid to bring those who remained in Soviet Russia. The Almanac “Two Paths” is the only book by Nabokov in his whole life, published in collaboration.

Living in Yalta, in Livadia, Nabokov meets M. Voloshin, who devotes him to the metric theories of Andrei Bely. In the Crimean album “Poems and Schemes”, Nabokov placed his poems and their diagrams along with chess tasks and other notes. The rhythmic theory of Bely follows the poem written by Nabokov himself in September of the year - “Big Lear”, whose half -storage diagram repeats the form of this constellation.

In April, before the capture of Crimea, the Bolsheviks, the Nabokov family left Russia forever. Some of the family jewelry managed to take with them, and with this money the Nabokov family lived in Berlin, while Vladimir was educated at the Trinity College University, where he continues to write Russian poems and translates Lewis Carroll into Russian “Alice in Wonderland”. At the University of Cambridge, Nabokov founded the Slavic society, which later reborn into the Russian Society of Cambridge University.

This happened at the lecture by P. Milyukov “America and the restoration of Russia” in the building of the Berlin Philharmonic. Nabokov tried to neutralize the Black Hundreds who shot at Milyukov, but was shot by his partner. In the year, Nabokov moves to Berlin; It makes a living with English lessons. In Berlin newspapers and publishers organized by Russian emigrants, Nabokov’s stories are printed.

In the year, it concludes an engagement with Svetlana Zivert; The engagement was terminated by the bride's family at the beginning of the year, since Nabokov could not find a permanent job. In the year, Nabokov marries Slonim Vera, a Petersburger from a Jewish-Russian family. Their first and only child, Dmitry was engaged in the translation and publication of his father’s works and contributed to the popularization of his work, in particular, in Russia.

Soon after marriage, he completes his first novel - “Mashenka” after which until a year creates 8 novels in Russian, continuously complicating his author’s style and experimenting with a form more and more boldly. Printed under the pseudonym V.Paris was published in the magazine Modern Notes. Nabokov’s novels that were not printed in Soviet Russia were successful with Western emigration, and now the masterpieces of Russian literature are especially “Luzhin’s protection”, “Gift”, “Invitation to execution” in the year of V.

Nabokov was dismissed from work as a result of strengthening the anti -Semitic campaign in the country. In the year, the Nabokovs leave for France and settled in Paris, also spending a lot of time in Cannes, Menton and other cities. In May, the Nabokovs flee from Paris from the advancing German troops and move to the United States with the last flight of the Champlain passenger liner, captured by the American Jewish Agency Hias in order to save Jewish refugees.

In memory of the bold performances of Nabokov Sr. against the Chisinau pogroms and Bailis's affairs, his son was placed in a chic cabin of the first class.

In America from up to a year, Nabokov earns a living by lectures on Russian and world literature at American universities. From a year until the end of his days, Nabokov did not write a single novel in Russian, except for the autobiography “Other Bereg” and the author’s translation of “Lolita” into Russian. His first English -speaking novels “The true life of Sebastian Knight” and “under the sign of illegitimate” “Bend Sinister”, despite their artistic merits, did not have commercial success.

During this period, Nabokov converges closely with E. Wilson and other literary scholars, continues to professionally engage in entomology. Traveling during vacations in the United States, Nabokov is working on the Lolita novel, the theme of which the story of an adult man, passionately carried away by a twelve -year -old girl, was unthinkable for her time, as a result of which even the writer's publication had little hope.

However, the novel was published first in Europe, then in America and quickly brought it to the author world glory and financial well -being. Initially, the novel, as Nabokov himself described, was published in the Olympia Press Publishing House, which, as he understood after the publication, issued mainly “Polornographic” and novels close to them. Nabokov returns to Europe and lives in Montreo from a year, Switzerland, where he creates his last novels, the most famous of which are “Pale Flame” and “Hell” The last incomplete novel by Nabokov “Laura and its original” English.

The Original of Laura was released in English in November. The ABC publishing house in the same year released his Russian translation per. Barattarlo, ed. V. Nabokov died on July 2, was buried in a cemetery in Claarance, near Montreo, Switzerland. Brothers and sisters Nabokov: Sergey Vladimirovich Nabokov - translator, journalist, died in the Nazi concentration camp Neuyengamma. Olga Vladimirovna Nabokova, in the first marriage of Shakhovskaya, in the second - Petkevich.

Elena Vladimirovna Nabokova, in the first marriage of Skolary, in the second - Sikorskaya. Her correspondence with Vladimir Nabokov has been published. Kirill Vladimirovich Nabokov - poet, godson of brother Vladimir. Starting from the 10ths, rumors about the possible nomination of Vladimir Nabokov to the Nobel Prize were spread. In the year, two years after receiving a prestigious award, Alexander Solzhenitsyn wrote a letter to the Swedish committee, which recommended nominating Nabokov at the Nobel Prize in literature.

Despite the fact that the nomination did not take place, Nabokov expressed deep gratitude to Solzhenitsyn for this gesture in a letter sent in the year, after Solzhenitsyn’s expulsion from the USSR. Subsequently, the authors of many publications in particular, London Times, The Guardian, New York Times ranked Nabokov to those writers who were undeservedly included in the lists of nominees.

Bibliography of Vladimir Nabokov:.