Bunin Date of biography

The literary talent and artistic skill of the first domestic Nobel laureate in the field of literature are such that even against the backdrop of a rich -rich silver age, he turned out to be perhaps the most outstanding representative of his workshop. Having won the recognition of the clarity and accuracy of prose, the lyrical of poetry, the fidelity of translations, Bunin invariably remained a real classic, not leaning to any fashion trends of those days: neither to symbolism, like Alexander Blok or Andrei Bely, nor to acute -social topics, like Maxim Gorky or Leonid Andreev.

Childhood and youth the future writer was born on October 10 in Voronezh in an old noble family. Bunin’s childhood, spent in the family estate of Butyrka, that near Yelets, forever instilled in a living and impressive boy a love of nature. Ivan grew in an atmosphere of manor culture, received a home education, where special attention was paid to reading and foreign languages.

At 10, he went to a gymnasium in Yelets, where he studied from the GG. Distinguished by an oversized perception of the outside world, - vigilant vision, sharp hearing, sensitive sense of smell - the young schoolboy eagerly absorbed everything around, and later these observations of nature became one of the foundations of his work. Ivan Bunin debuted literary work in his youth as a poet.

The earliest works are dated to the year, and in the year the first book of poems was published in Orel. Bunin's poetry in the manner of performance is characteristic of fashion of x. Soon the young man was paid attention to the luminaries of literary criticism by N. Mikhailovsky and A. Zhemchuzhnikov, who promoted the young poet in the capital's magazines. By the year, Bunin released four poetic collections and approved himself as an original author.

A passionate enthusiasm for poetry imposed an indelible imprint on his prosaic work. Bunin's prose is filled with the finest lyricism of high poetry, the virtuosity of shades, the accuracy of the description. Chekhov, having familiarized himself with Bunin's early stories, was delighted with them. Since the year, continuing the classical tradition in the poetry of A.

Fet, Ya. Polonsky and prose I. Goncharov, I. Turgenev, Bunin began to cooperate both with the Gorky Publishing House "Knowledge" and with the modernist publishing house "Rednik". In the year, for the exemplary translation of the poem by Longfello “Songs of the Gayavat” and a collection of poems “Listopad”, he was awarded the most prestigious pre -revolutionary prize in the field of literature - Pushkinskaya, and in the year he was elected a honorable member of the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences, primarily for poetic achievements.

In these years, Bunin traveled a lot around the world, made numerous acquaintances in the literary environment, and was engaged in translations. The stories “Village” and “Sukhol” were turning in the work of Bunin, in which the writer comprehended Russian reality from the point of view of the experience of the first Russian revolution - GG. The brutal reality of life in these works is intertwined with the inescapable beauty of nature, and the author’s sarcasm is inseparable from heart pain against their heroes - ordinary peasants and provincial nobles.

At the same time, Ivan Alekseevich published his travel diaries, sharing observations and impressions of visiting the countries of the East and thinking about the ancient culture of mankind. Bunin reached the genuine peaks of artistic skill in stories written with honed stylistic perfection. In these stories, the tragedy of being and admiration for the charm of life are conveyed with incredible talent.

Emigration and the Nobel Prize Bunin with Big Skepsis took the February revolution, and met the October frankly hostile. At this time, in - gg. He set out sad and caustic thoughts about what was happening in a diary published in the year under the name "Cursed Days." After wandering, Bunin emigrated to France in the flame of the Russian Civil War in the Flame of the Russian Civil War.

At first he settled in Paris, and in the year he moved to the small town of Grass Grass in the province of Primorsky Alps. In Grace, Bunin lived sequentially on three villas-at first he took off Mon-Flery for long, but in the same year he moved to Belvedere. It was on this villa depicted above in the picture of the artist Nikolai Kozhukhovsky that the most fruitful years of the writer passed.

With the outbreak of World War II, Bunin and the household moved to the villa of Zhannett, the rent for which was significantly lower. In the early years, in exile, Bunin wrote little, engaged in more social activities and personal life: he organized the Russian Land Publishing House, became the chairman of the Paris Union of Russian Writers and Journalists, traveled a lot in Europe.

Only by the middle of the x. C to gg. Ivan Alekseevich worked on the main work of his whole life - the novel "The Life of Arsenyev". This “autobiographical” journey into its own past and the past of the past Russia belongs to the highest conquests of Russian prose of the 20th century. The Nobel Committee of the Swedish Academy for the first time awarded the Russian writer’s literature award, and Bunin became it.

This significant event had a huge resonance in the emigrant environment.The actress, playing the saint, shakes the hand of the writer's wife Vera Nikolaevna, and he himself is immersed in some thoughts. Many, as composer S. Rachmaninov, were enthusiastically welcomed by the laureate, some considered A. Gorky, D. Merezhkovsky or I. Shmelev, but everyone agreed that Russian literature had long deserved its laureate.

It is worth mentioning that not a fifth part of the received prize to the aid of needing Russian emigrants not too well -secured financially. After universal recognition, the writer did not stop working. Among the main works of the last twentieth anniversary of Bunin’s life and creativity are the philosophical reflection “The Liberation of Tolstoy”, the collection of short stories “Dark Alleys”, a book about Chekhov E GG.

The collection “Dark Alleys” included 38 aesthetically impeccable stories about love passion, compiling a book that is unique in Russian literature, where the miracle of love was transmitted through the tragedy of existence. The last years of life - GG. After the “decree on the restoration of the subjects of the former Russian Empire, as well as persons who have lost Soviet citizenship living in France,” Konstantin Simonov and Ilya Erenburg, who persuaded him to return to his homeland, but a seriously ill, the writer did not dare to return this step, did not dare to return this step.

Nevertheless, the ban on the publication of Bunin's works in the Soviet Union was lifted. Contemporaries recall Bunin as a family and personal life as a man of medium height, slender, elegantly dressed, and lordly manners. In communication, especially in his youth, he was witty and resourceful, loved a good kitchen, had many acquaintances in a literary society - among his best friends, K.

Balmont, A. Kuprin could be noted, N. Bunin was a fidget who traveled half the world: Ivan Alekseevich visited Palestine, Ceylon, Egypt, Turkey, walked around the Russian wilderness and shone in Russian Parisian salons. In the words of the writer himself, he sought to observe the face of the world. Bunin lived most of his life in the removable apartments, hotels, and apartments of friends, and without getting his own housing.

Even the villas in the grace, where he lived in total for more than 20 years, were rented. At the time of the Vichy regime and the German occupation of France, Bunin covered several Jews, in Lieberman and literary critic A. Bahrah, which saved them from the concentration camp. Four women left a bright mark on the fate of Bunin. The fourth - Galina Kuznetsova became the muse of the writer in exile.

The first marriage with the summer Barbara was civilian. They met in the year in the editorial office of the "Oryol messenger", but three years later this union broke up due to household disorder and then covered Bunin with a hobby for a thickness. Barbara could not stand the eternal lack of money and left. In the fall of the year, in Odessa, Bunin married summer Anna Tsacnie - according to the memoirs of the writer, the girl "beautiful, but amazingly clean and simple." But the hobby quickly disappeared, and two years later the couple broke up.

The only son of the writer Nikolai born in this marriage died of Scarlatina at the age of 6. The main woman in Bunin’s life at the end of the year was the third officially second wife Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva - she belonged to the family influential in St. Petersburg, her uncle was the chairman of the State Duma. Vera itself studied chemistry at the university. Despite the rejection of Bunin in the family, Vera began dating Yan, as she called the chosen one, and remained his faithful satellite for life.

In the middle of X in the life of Bunin, the young poetess Galina Kuznetsova appeared. In the year, a stormy romance broke out between them with a shade of scandalous. In - gg. Kuznetsova conducted personal notes published in the year as a Grass Diary. Many of his pages are devoted to relations with Bunin. Death in the last years of his life, after 70 years, Bunin was often ill.

Bronchitis was especially overwhelmed by him. The writer took treatment courses, went to resorts. At times, the disease retreated, but this was greatly reflected in creativity. In October, there was a sharp deterioration in health, and on the night of November 8, Ivan Alekseevich died in a dream for a year of life.

According to the conclusion of the attending physician, the cause of Bunin’s death was lung sclerosis and heart asthma. The funeral service took place in the Russian Church in Paris, and on January 30, a funeral took place in the famous cemetery of Russian emigration in St. Geneviveev-de-Bois. Thanks to the classical training, an unmistakable perception of the word, the gift of artistic experience, the feeling of a beautiful and bright original style Ivan Alekseevich Bunin entered the golden fund of Russian literature.