Biography Mathematics Gauss
The German mathematician, who made a fundamental contribution to astronomy and geodesia, foreign members. Born in the family of a plumber. Studied at the University of Gettingen? I got a pre -appropria on Braunschweig, in? In this post, Gauss remained until the end of his life. The distinguishing features of Gauss are a deep organic connection in his studies between theoretical and applied mathematics, the extraordinary breadth of problems.
Gausses had a great influence on the development of algebra, theory of numbers, differential geometry, gravity theory, classical theory of electricity and magnetism, geodesy, whole sectors of theoretical astronomy. In many areas of mathematics, Gauss’s works contributed to increasing the requirements for logical distinctiveness of evidence, however, Gauss himself remained aloof from the work on the strict substantiation of mathematical analysis, which was carried out in his time by O.
The first large essay of Gauss on the theory of numbers and higher algebra? Arithmetic research? Gauss here gives a thorough theory of quadratic deductions, the first proof of the quadratic law of reciprocity - one of the central theorems of the theory of numbers. Gauss also gives a new detailed presentation of the arithmetic theory of quadratic forms, previously built by J.
Lagrange, in particular, a thorough development of the theory of the composition of classes of such forms. At the end of the book, the theory of equations of division of a circle is settled. In addition to the general methods of solving these equations, the Gauss established a connection between them and the construction of the correct polygons.
Gauss attached very great importance to this discovery and bequeathed to engrave the right square, inscribed in a circle, on his tombstone, which was executed. The algebraic interests of Gauss are associated with the main theorem of algebra; He gave several of her evidence - the first of them in the astronomical work of Gauss? Gauss as an astronone was widely known after the development of the method of calculating the elliptical orbit of planets according to three observations, successfully applied to the first open small planets of Cerer and Pallas, the results of research on the calculation of orbit Gauss published in the Op.
I opened and developed the main mathematical processing method of unequal observational data method of the smallest squares. In connection with astronomical calculations based on the decomposition of the integrals of the corresponding differential equations into endless ranks, Gauss began to study the issue of convergence of endless series [in work devoted to the study of the hypergeometric series].
Gaussy works in geodesy are associated with the order to carry out geodetic surveillance and draw up a detailed map of the Kingdom of Hannover; Gauss organized the measurement of the arridian of Gettingen - Alton, as a result of the theoretical development of the problem, he created the foundations of the highest geodesy "Research on Higher Geodesy", for the optical alarm, the Gauss invented a special probeP -heliotrope.
The study of the form of the earth's surface required an in -depth general geometric method for surfaces. The ideas put forward by Gaussed in this area received expression in the Op. The leading idea of this essay lies in the fact that when studying the surface as an infinitely thin flexible film, the main value is not the equation of the surface in the carter coordinates, but the differential quadratic form through which the square of the length of the length and the invariants of which are all its own properties of the surface?
In other words, Gauss proposed to consider those properties of the surface of the CC in this way the internal geometry of surfaces served as a model for the creation of a N-dimensional riman geometry. Gauss studies in theoretical physics are largely the result of close communication and joint scientific work with V. together with V. Weber Gauss created an absolute system of electromagnetic units and constructed the first electromagnetic telegraph in Germany.
He founded a magnetic observatory at the Gauss at the Gettingen Astronomical Observatory. Did he publish work in him? General theory of earthly magnetism?. Small Op. About the forces acting inversely in proportion to the square of the distance? The theoretical physics also adjoin the development of the principle of the least coercion of Gauss and work on the theory of capillary to the number of physical research of Gauss.
Diopter research? Many Gauss studies remained unpublished in the form of essays, unfinished work, and correspondence with friends are included in his scientific heritage. Until the 2nd World War, it was carefully developed by the Gettingian scientific society, which issued 12 volumes of the works of Gauss. The most interesting in this heritage are the Gauss diary and materials on non -Euclidean geometry and the theory of elliptical functions.The diary contains records dating back to the period of March 30, when the summer Gauss noted the opening of the construction of the right square, to July 9, these records give a distinct picture of Gauss creativity in the first half of his scientific activity; They are very brief, written in Latin and usually set out the essence of open theorems.
Materials related to non -Euclidean geometry discover that Gauss came to the idea of building, along with Euclidean geometry and non -Euclidean geometry, but the fear that these ideas would not be understood was the reason that Gauss did not develop them further and not published. Moreover, he categorically forbade to publish them to those whom he dedicated to his views.
When, without any attempt to these attempts by Gauss Nevovlidov, the geometry was built and published by N. Lobachevsky, Gauss reacted to the publications of N. Lobachevsky with great attention, was the initiator of the election of his members. The Gettingen Scientific Society, but did not essentially give his assessment of the great discovery of N. Lobachevsky. Gauss archives also contain abundant materials on the theory of elliptical functions and their peculiar theory; However, the merit of independent development and publication of the theory of elliptical functions belongs to K.
Jacobi and N. Gindikin, "quantum",,,? Source: Mathematical Encyclopedic Dictionary.