Biography of the city of Moscow

Moscow, of course, is no exception. The history of Moscow for the first time mentions the Ipatiev chronicle of the year. At that time, Prince Yuri Dolgoruky gave him this nickname for intervention in the feud wrote to his ally Svyatoslav Olegovich: "Come to me, brother, in Moscow." This year began to be considered the official basis of Moscow. At the same time, it is known for certain that people in these parts lived and much earlier.

By the time Yuri Dolgoruky appeared, there was a developed settlement, which was ruled by the boyar Stepan Kuchka. Apparently, already then everyone knew about Moscow, since Dolgoruky in a letter Svyatoslav Olegovich did not indicate the location of the city. Contemporaries in Moscow celebrate in early autumn. At the same time, the researchers found out that for the first time the city is mentioned on April 4.

How did this curious historical inconsistency arise?

The fact is that for the first time Moscow was celebrated on January 1 of the year, and the city at that time has already turned seven hundred years. Emperor Nicholas the Great was never located in Moscow. Although everyone knew the date of the appearance of the capital, on December 31, the ruler ordered the anniversary of the capital the next day - January 1.

The capital celebrated the next birthday only a hundred years later. And again not in April: Stalin pushed the date of the founding of the city to demonstrate it in the warm season. Solemn events regarding the flight of the capital took place on September 7. Celebrations went on a grand scale. The main city of the country was decorated with flags and images of the great rulers, the facades of buildings were restored, music sounded everywhere.

Then the lull came. But on the initiative of the Moscow leadership in the year, the tradition of celebrating the birthdays of Moscow returned again in the year. But on the same days as in the USSR. Napoleon’s invasion of Napoleon’s army entered the city, fires began. Debats still do not subside on this. Researchers argue, there was either a strategic plan of the head of the city or voluntary arson of residents.

After a fire in the capital, Napoleon had to retreat. The emperor watched from the Petrovsky Palace of the emperor how the city was blazing, which he could not get. During the reign of Nicholas the Great, they began reconstruction. Donapoleon Moscow can be seen on Maroseyka and Pokrovka, where the French command was housed. There are still mansions of pre -fire. The city was literally rebuilt.

Of the temples that were in Moscow up to a year, it remained only from the houses only in honor of the victory over the French in the year on the site of the Alekseevsky convent, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior was erected. The Moscow Kremlin History of any Old Russian city has always begun with the construction of the fortress and. The first fortifications in the territory of the modern capital were built by the above Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.

At that time, they had wooden walls, a small diameter and served mainly for living and household needs. Only in the 14th century was the old fortress rebuilt. In the new building, the walls were made of white stone, and the territory was significantly increased. In this regard, Moscow was dubbed Belokamennaya. The Kremlin was rebuilt twice, in the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries, after which he acquired the appearance in which it was known to contemporaries.

The history of the name of Moscow, as well as many other cities in the country, comes from the name of the river on which it is located. If we talk about the name of the river itself, then there are several versions of the etymology of this word. If you believe the ancient Slavic version, the word "Moscow" comes from the root of "Mosk", which has a very dual meaning. It means both "wet, humid" and "mind".

At the same time, some historians believe that the word is connected with the Finno-Ugric tribes that once living in this territory. In this case, Moscow was the result of the connection of several Mari words that mean the translation of "bear" and "mother". The most common version today is the origin of the word "Moscow" from the Komi language, in which the term means "cow river." Moscow was also called the river itself and settlements located along its shores.