Biography Yuri Dolgorukov

The latest news biography is probably one of the most contradictory and restless characters of Russian history. The son of Vladimir Monomakh, he was covered by a constant desire to increase power and possessions, conquering more and more new cities and villages. The famous Russian historian Vasily Tatishchev, describing the biography of the statesman, mentioned that the prince was "a great lover of women, sweet food and drinking." And he cared most of all "about fun than about management and army." He himself did little, assigning routine duties on "children and princes of the Union." Another historian and publicist, Mikhail Shcherbatov, agree with Tatishchev.

He believed that contemporaries endowed Yuri for personal qualities with a nickname. The prince, "like the Persian king Artaxerxes, showed" greed for acquisition. " Prince Yuri Dolgoruky the same Vasily Tatishchev came to the conclusion that the date of birth of the prince should be considered a year. If so, then his mother was the guita of Wessex, the first wife of Vladimir Monomakh.

By origin, she was the English princess, the daughter of the last ruler of the Anglo -Saxons Harold II. However, the “Gürgeva Mati” of the mother of Yuri, which is mentioned in the “teaching” of Vladimir Monomakh, died in May, and the guita died in the spring of Go. Therefore, according to some researchers, the mother of this offspring could be the second wife of Monomakh - Efimiya.

This means that Yuri Dolgoruky was born in the interval between and years. But there is no single opinion, therefore it is generally accepted that the prince was born in years. The reign as a boy Yuri, together with his brother Mstislav, was sent to reign in Rostov. From the year, the independent rule of Dolgoruky began. But at the beginning of the x, he was irresistibly pulled south, closer to the prestigious Kyiv principality.

The main events in the foreign and domestic policy of Yuri Dolgoruky were the numerous conquest campaigns that the prince made. But he could not gain a foothold there for a long time - he saved only a week. The seizure of Pereyaslavl in the year was the same result. The troubled Yuri Dolgoruky regularly intervened in inter -oxide ranges. He had particular interest in great Kyiv, where at that time his nephew Izyaslav Mstislavovich ruled.

Earlier, the city was ruled by the father of Yuri, Vladimir Monomakh, so the ambitious prince so eagerly sought to occupy the senior princely throne. Of the several attempts to master Kyiv, three turned out to be productive. Kievans did not like greedy and cruel nobles. The first time to take the coveted city Dolgoruky succeeded in the year. Yuri defeated the troops of Izyaslav the Second Mstislavich and captured Kyiv.

In addition, under his administration were Turovsky and Pereyaslavl thrones. Vyshcgorod gave Vyacheslav Vyacheslav Vyacheslav. Yuri Dolgoruky won the traditional order of the throne of the throne three times, which was based on the principle of seniority, was violated, so the struggle for the Kiev throne continued. Izyaslav agreed with the Polish and Hungarian allies and returned Kyiv in years.

He made Vyacheslav a co -ruler. The governor made a new attempt to recapture the city. But the battle ended with annoying defeat on the Ruta River. The second successful raid on Kyiv made the governor in the year. Around the consent of the Grand Duke of Kyiv Rostislav, he expelled Izyaslav from the city. Rostislav even gave the winner the title of Grand Duke of Kyiv. And again to sit on the throne did not work for a long time.

Yuri Dolgoruky, but the third attempt was crowned with success. Having conquered the Principality of Kiev in the year, the ruler received the title of the great Kyiv prince and entrenched here until the death. However, here the long reign did not work out: Yuri Dolgoruky died 2 years after the conquest of Kyiv, in the m. The years of the reign of Prince Yuri Dolgoruky turned out to be contradictory.

The nobleman was envious, cunning and greedy, but at the same time he was called a brave and skilled warrior. Some researchers consider it not stupid at all, which positively influenced the results of the reign of Dolgoruky. The merit of the prince includes an alliance with the Byzantine empire, including the trade and the conclusion of a peace treaty with the Polovtsy, as well as the cherished, although short -lived stay in the Kiev throne.

The monument to Yuri Dolgoruky in Kostroma, but it just so happened that the nobleman, who had dreamed of Kyiv all his life, is associated with another city - Moscow. Descendants consider it the founder of the capital. According to legend, Yuri Dolgoruky returned from Kyiv to Vladimir and in the swamps saw an unusual shaggy beast with three heads, which melted in the fog in the morning.

Next to this place was discovered by the settlement of the boyar of a heap, who was unfoundedly reacted to the squad of the prince and did not give the reliable honors to unexpected guests. In response to this, Yuri Dolgoruky undertook the military capture of the settlement, while killing a bunch. Yuri gave mercy only to the children of the boyar - the daughter of Ulita, who later married the son of Andrei Bogolyubsky, and his sons - Peter and Yakim.

When the secrets of the death of their father were revealed to the offspring, they conspired and killed the son of Yuri Dolgoruky - Andrei.This fact is described in the life of Prince Bogolyubsky, who was later glorified by the Russian Orthodox Church in the face of saints. Yuri Dolgoruky, the founder of Moscow, in the year, by order of Yuri Dolgoruky, a settlement was laid on the outskirts of North -East Rus', whose role was in the protection of borders.

It rose on the hill near the confluence of the three rivers. It was an ideal place for a guard prison. The settlement turned out to be favorable for life and began to grow rapidly. In the same year, the governor, returning from a campaign to Novgorod, wrote to an ally, Chernihovo-Seversky prince Svyatoslav Olgovich, a message: “Come to me, brother, in Moscow! In this message, Moscow is mentioned for the first time.

Later, the prince’s annalistic statement turned into a quote that is familiar to all admirers of Russian history. Ipatiev Chronicle says that the prince’s letter is the very first source of information about the future capital of Russia. Therefore, the year of foundation of the city is considered. The monument to Yuri Dolgoruky in Yuryev-Polsky among historians has a version by which, by the time of mention in the annalistic vault, this city had already existed for five thousand years.

The name used two ancient Slavic roots: “Mosk”, which in the translation sounds like “flint” and “kov” - “hide”. In general, the word meant a “stone shelter”. Not only Moscow is considered the noblemist "born" by this. Yuri Dolgoruky founded Dmitrov, naming this city in honor of the younger offspring of Vsevolod a large nest baptized by Dmitry. And at the beginning of the X governor founded Pereyaslavl-Zalessky and Yuryev-Polsky.

There were no reforms during the reign of the prince. The main achievements of domestic political activity of governors include the construction of cities, fortresses and temples. To strengthen the power of Dolgoruky led to the mastering of the northeastern lands and a calm state on the eastern borders. He captured Ryazan, repulsing her from Prince Rostislav.

The son of Dolgoruky began to rule the city - Andrei Bogolyubsky. But Ryazan could not be held: Rostislav enlisted the support of the Polovtsy and knocked out the invaders from his estate. In the year, the founder of Moscow strengthened the city with a deep moat and powerful wooden picket fence. His son Andrei Bogolyubsky watched work. In the north of Rus', a kind memory was saved about him.

Here it is believed that he had a lot of effort to arrange the Russian land. During his lifetime, Vladimir-on-Klyazma grew up and grew up. The personal life of the nobleman was married twice. The first wife of Dolgoruky is the daughter of the Polovtsian khan Aepa Aessevich, at baptism during the marriage, the Anna received the name. This marriage was conceived by Vladimir Monomakh, aimed at strengthening the world with the Polovtsy through the Union.

The personal life of Yuri Dolgoruky with Polovka was happily. In this marriage, 8 children were born. Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, after the death of his first wife, the prince married again. Reliable information about the name and origin of the second wife of Dolgoruky was not preserved. Different sources called her both Olga and Elena. Some historians are inclined to the fact that the woman was a buckwheat.

In particular, such an assumption was nominated by Nikolai Karamzin, who also believed that the second wife of the prince was even a close relative of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I, a sister or even a daughter. From two marriages of Yuri Dolgoruky, 13 children were born. Among the sons of Yuri Dolgoruky, Andrei Bogolyubsky became famous, which strengthened the positions of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, which became the core of modern Russia, as well as the Vsevolod “Big Nest”, which after the murder of Senior Andrei adopted the reign of the reign to the principality.

On the night of May 10, the prince felt malaise. Some researchers tend to believe that the Kyiv nobility poisoned the unloved noble. After 5 days, May 15, the ruler died. The burial place of Yuri Dolgoruky in the Savior Church on Berestovs did not wait long: May 16, on the day of the funeral, they plundered the courtyard of the nobleman and his son.

Kyiv was again occupied by the representative of the Chernihiv Davydovich line, Izyaslav the Third. Even the body of the deceased prince Kyivians were not allowed to bury next to his father Vladimir Monomakh. The grave was arranged in another place.